A high-energy, multifunction cavitation technique utilizing synchrotron-generated X-rays was developed. This method enabled surface treatment of SC610, a Ni-based single-crystal superalloy, using a mixture of acetone and deuterated acetone, which generated higher bubble temperatures than water. Compared to the previously developed laser and magnetic field-enhanced cavitation system (LMEI-MFC), the new X-ray-based approach significantly boosted processing efficiency and expanded the treatable surface area. Post-treatment, the alloy surface became smoother, with surface segregation of structural stabilizers such as Ta, W, and Re, and an optimized γ' phase ratio. Additionally, the treated surface was free of oxide films. This innovative technology holds promise for enhancing the strength of various heat-resistant metals.